HTML Entities Reference

" · " · "

Double quote; inside an HTML attribute it must be escaped.

& · & · &

Ampersand; escape it in URLs and text, or it starts an entity.

< · &#60; · &#x3C;

Less-than; unescaped it is read as a tag opener.

> · &#62; · &#x3E;

Greater-than; usually safe alone, escape it when paired.

' · &#39; · &#x27;

Single quote; added in HTML5 for XHTML-compatible escaping.

  · &#160; · &#xA0;

Non-breaking space; keeps a number and its unit on one line.

  · &#8194; · &#x2002;

En space, half an em wide.

  · &#8195; · &#x2003;

Em space, one em wide; also used for first-line indent.

  · &#8201; · &#x2009;

Thin space, narrower than the en space.

­ · &#173; · &#xAD;

Soft hyphen; only shows a hyphen when the word wraps.

– · &#8211; · &#x2013;

En dash, used for numeric ranges.

— · &#8212; · &#x2014;

Em dash, used for asides and Chinese dashes.

‘ · &#8216; · &#x2018;

Left single quotation mark.

’ · &#8217; · &#x2019;

Right single quote; also serves as the apostrophe.

“ · &#8220; · &#x201C;

Left double quotation mark.

” · &#8221; · &#x201D;

Right double quotation mark.

« · &#171; · &#xAB;

Left angle quote, used in French and Russian.

» · &#187; · &#xBB;

Right angle quote.

• · &#8226; · &#x2022;

Bullet, used as a list marker.

· · &#183; · &#xB7;

Middle dot, used as a separator.

¶ · &#182; · &#xB6;

Paragraph sign.

§ · &#167; · &#xA7;

Section sign.

† · &#8224; · &#x2020;

Dagger, used for footnotes and deceased markers.

‡ · &#8225; · &#x2021;

Double dagger, the second footnote marker.

… · &#8230; · &#x2026;

Horizontal ellipsis.

‰ · &#8240; · &#x2030;

Per mille sign.

′ · &#8242; · &#x2032;

Prime, arc minutes or feet.

″ · &#8243; · &#x2033;

Double prime, arc seconds or inches.

¢ · &#162; · &#xA2;

Cent sign.

£ · &#163; · &#xA3;

Pound sterling sign.

¤ · &#164; · &#xA4;

Generic currency sign, a fallback when a glyph is missing.

¥ · &#165; · &#xA5;

Yen and yuan sign.

€ · &#8364; · &#x20AC;

Euro sign.

± · &#177; · &#xB1;

Plus-minus sign.

× · &#215; · &#xD7;

Multiplication sign; it is not the letter x.

÷ · &#247; · &#xF7;

Division sign.

≠ · &#8800; · &#x2260;

Not equal to.

≤ · &#8804; · &#x2264;

Less than or equal to.

≥ · &#8805; · &#x2265;

Greater than or equal to.

≡ · &#8801; · &#x2261;

Identical to.

≈ · &#8776; · &#x2248;

Almost equal to.

∼ · &#8764; · &#x223C;

Similar to.

≅ · &#8773; · &#x2245;

Approximately equal or congruent.

∝ · &#8733; · &#x221D;

Proportional to.

∞ · &#8734; · &#x221E;

Infinity.

∑ · &#8721; · &#x2211;

N-ary summation.

∏ · &#8719; · &#x220F;

N-ary product.

∫ · &#8747; · &#x222B;

Integral.

∂ · &#8706; · &#x2202;

Partial differential.

∇ · &#8711; · &#x2207;

Nabla, the gradient operator.

√ · &#8730; · &#x221A;

Square root.

∴ · &#8756; · &#x2234;

Therefore.

∠ · &#8736; · &#x2220;

Angle.

⊥ · &#8869; · &#x22A5;

Perpendicular to.

⋅ · &#8901; · &#x22C5;

Dot operator.

∗ · &#8727; · &#x2217;

Asterisk operator.

° · &#176; · &#xB0;

Degree sign for both temperature and angle.

µ · &#181; · &#xB5;

Micro sign, as in µm.

½ · &#189; · &#xBD;

Vulgar fraction one half.

¼ · &#188; · &#xBC;

Vulgar fraction one quarter.

¾ · &#190; · &#xBE;

Vulgar fraction three quarters.

¹ · &#185; · &#xB9;

Superscript one.

² · &#178; · &#xB2;

Superscript two, squared.

³ · &#179; · &#xB3;

Superscript three, cubed.

∈ · &#8712; · &#x2208;

Element of.

∉ · &#8713; · &#x2209;

Not an element of.

∅ · &#8709; · &#x2205;

Empty set.

∀ · &#8704; · &#x2200;

For all, the universal quantifier.

∃ · &#8707; · &#x2203;

There exists, the existential quantifier.

∩ · &#8745; · &#x2229;

Intersection.

∪ · &#8746; · &#x222A;

Union.

⊂ · &#8834; · &#x2282;

Subset of.

⊃ · &#8835; · &#x2283;

Superset of.

⊕ · &#8853; · &#x2295;

Circled plus, often used for XOR.

α · &#945; · &#x3B1;

Greek letter alpha, often used for angles, angular acceleration, and significance levels.

β · &#946; · &#x3B2;

Greek letter beta, often used for beta coefficients and regression slopes.

γ · &#947; · &#x3B3;

Greek letter gamma, often used for gamma rays and gamma correction.

δ · &#948; · &#x3B4;

Greek letter delta, often used for change amounts, small increments, and the Dirac delta.

ε · &#949; · &#x3B5;

Greek letter epsilon, often used for error terms and permittivity.

ζ · &#950; · &#x3B6;

Greek letter zeta, often used for the Riemann zeta function.

η · &#951; · &#x3B7;

Greek letter eta, often used for efficiency and viscosity.

θ · &#952; · &#x3B8;

Greek letter theta, often used for angles and temperature.

ι · &#953; · &#x3B9;

Greek letter iota, often used for an extremely small amount.

κ · &#954; · &#x3BA;

Greek letter kappa, often used for curvature and agreement coefficients.

λ · &#955; · &#x3BB;

Greek letter lambda, often used for wavelength and anonymous functions.

μ · &#956; · &#x3BC;

Greek letter mu, often used for the mean, friction coefficients, and the micro prefix.

ν · &#957; · &#x3BD;

Greek letter nu, often used for frequency and the Poisson ratio.

ξ · &#958; · &#x3BE;

Greek letter xi, often used for random variables.

ο · &#959; · &#x3BF;

Greek letter omicron, often used for a tiny amount, easily confused with the Latin o.

π · &#960; · &#x3C0;

Greek letter pi, often used for the circle constant and products.

ρ · &#961; · &#x3C1;

Greek letter rho, often used for density and correlation coefficients.

σ · &#963; · &#x3C3;

Greek letter sigma, often used for standard deviation and summation.

ς · &#962; · &#x3C2;

Greek letter sigmaf, often used for the word-final form of sigma in Greek.

τ · &#964; · &#x3C4;

Greek letter tau, often used for time constants and shear stress.

υ · &#965; · &#x3C5;

Greek letter upsilon, often used for displacement and velocity.

φ · &#966; · &#x3C6;

Greek letter phi, often used for phase and the golden ratio.

χ · &#967; · &#x3C7;

Greek letter chi, often used for the chi-squared distribution.

ψ · &#968; · &#x3C8;

Greek letter psi, often used for wave functions.

ω · &#969; · &#x3C9;

Greek letter omega, often used for angular velocity and angular frequency.

Α · &#913; · &#x391;

Capital Alpha, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Β · &#914; · &#x392;

Capital Beta, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Γ · &#915; · &#x393;

Capital Gamma, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Δ · &#916; · &#x394;

Capital Delta, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ε · &#917; · &#x395;

Capital Epsilon, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ζ · &#918; · &#x396;

Capital Zeta, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Η · &#919; · &#x397;

Capital Eta, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Θ · &#920; · &#x398;

Capital Theta, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ι · &#921; · &#x399;

Capital Iota, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Κ · &#922; · &#x39A;

Capital Kappa, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Λ · &#923; · &#x39B;

Capital Lambda, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Μ · &#924; · &#x39C;

Capital Mu, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ν · &#925; · &#x39D;

Capital Nu, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ξ · &#926; · &#x39E;

Capital Xi, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ο · &#927; · &#x39F;

Capital Omicron, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Π · &#928; · &#x3A0;

Capital Pi, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ρ · &#929; · &#x3A1;

Capital Rho, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Σ · &#931; · &#x3A3;

Capital Sigma, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Τ · &#932; · &#x3A4;

Capital Tau, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Υ · &#933; · &#x3A5;

Capital Upsilon, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Φ · &#934; · &#x3A6;

Capital Phi, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Χ · &#935; · &#x3A7;

Capital Chi, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ψ · &#936; · &#x3A8;

Capital Psi, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

Ω · &#937; · &#x3A9;

Capital Omega, used for population parameters, sets, and matrices.

← · &#8592; · &#x2190;

Leftwards arrow.

↑ · &#8593; · &#x2191;

Upwards arrow.

→ · &#8594; · &#x2192;

Rightwards arrow, common for flow and mapping.

↓ · &#8595; · &#x2193;

Downwards arrow.

↔ · &#8596; · &#x2194;

Left right arrow.

↵ · &#8629; · &#x21B5;

Downwards arrow with corner leftwards, the return symbol.

⇐ · &#8656; · &#x21D0;

Leftwards double arrow, implication.

⇑ · &#8657; · &#x21D1;

Upwards double arrow.

⇒ · &#8658; · &#x21D2;

Rightwards double arrow, used for derivation.

⇓ · &#8659; · &#x21D3;

Downwards double arrow.

⇔ · &#8660; · &#x21D4;

Left right double arrow, if and only if.

à · &#224; · &#xE0;

a with grave, common in French and Italian.

á · &#225; · &#xE1;

a with acute, common in Spanish and Hungarian.

â · &#226; · &#xE2;

a with circumflex, common in French.

ã · &#227; · &#xE3;

a with tilde, common in Portuguese.

ä · &#228; · &#xE4;

a with diaeresis, German ä.

å · &#229; · &#xE5;

a with ring above, Nordic å.

æ · &#230; · &#xE6;

ae ligature, used in Danish and Norwegian.

ç · &#231; · &#xE7;

c with cedilla, French and Portuguese ç.

è · &#232; · &#xE8;

e with grave, common in French.

é · &#233; · &#xE9;

e with acute, the most common accented letter.

ê · &#234; · &#xEA;

e with circumflex, French ê.

ë · &#235; · &#xEB;

e with diaeresis, German and French ë.

ì · &#236; · &#xEC;

i with grave.

í · &#237; · &#xED;

i with acute, Spanish í.

î · &#238; · &#xEE;

i with circumflex.

ï · &#239; · &#xEF;

i with diaeresis.

ñ · &#241; · &#xF1;

n with tilde, Spanish ñ.

ò · &#242; · &#xF2;

o with grave.

ó · &#243; · &#xF3;

o with acute.

ô · &#244; · &#xF4;

o with circumflex.

õ · &#245; · &#xF5;

o with tilde, Portuguese õ.

ö · &#246; · &#xF6;

o with diaeresis, German ö.

ø · &#248; · &#xF8;

o with stroke, Danish and Norwegian ø.

ù · &#249; · &#xF9;

u with grave.

ú · &#250; · &#xFA;

u with acute.

û · &#251; · &#xFB;

u with circumflex.

ü · &#252; · &#xFC;

u with diaeresis, German ü.

ý · &#253; · &#xFD;

y with acute.

ÿ · &#255; · &#xFF;

y with diaeresis.

ß · &#223; · &#xDF;

German eszett, equivalent to ss.

þ · &#254; · &#xFE;

Icelandic thorn.

ð · &#240; · &#xF0;

Icelandic eth.

œ · &#339; · &#x153;

oe ligature, French œ.

À · &#192; · &#xC0;

Capital A with grave.

Á · &#193; · &#xC1;

Capital A with acute.

Ä · &#196; · &#xC4;

Capital A with diaeresis, German Ä.

Å · &#197; · &#xC5;

Capital A with ring above.

Æ · &#198; · &#xC6;

Capital AE ligature.

Ç · &#199; · &#xC7;

Capital C with cedilla.

É · &#201; · &#xC9;

Capital E with acute.

Ñ · &#209; · &#xD1;

Capital N with tilde.

Ö · &#214; · &#xD6;

Capital O with diaeresis.

Ø · &#216; · &#xD8;

Capital O with stroke.

Ü · &#220; · &#xDC;

Capital U with diaeresis.

© · &#169; · &#xA9;

Copyright sign.

® · &#174; · &#xAE;

Registered sign.

™ · &#8482; · &#x2122;

Trademark sign; added in HTML5.

¦ · &#166; · &#xA6;

Broken bar, used as a separator.

¨ · &#168; · &#xA8;

Diaeresis, a standalone diacritic.

¯ · &#175; · &#xAF;

Macron, used in phonetic notation.

´ · &#180; · &#xB4;

Acute accent as a standalone mark.

¸ · &#184; · &#xB8;

Cedilla as a standalone mark.

¡ · &#161; · &#xA1;

Inverted exclamation mark, opens Spanish exclamations.

¿ · &#191; · &#xBF;

Inverted question mark, opens Spanish questions.

ª · &#170; · &#xAA;

Feminine ordinal indicator.

º · &#186; · &#xBA;

Masculine ordinal indicator.

¬ · &#172; · &#xAC;

Not sign.

◊ · &#9674; · &#x25CA;

Lozenge.

♠ · &#9824; · &#x2660;

Black spade suit.

♣ · &#9827; · &#x2663;

Black club suit.

♥ · &#9829; · &#x2665;

Black heart suit.

♦ · &#9830; · &#x2666;

Black diamond suit.

〈 · &#9001; · &#x2329;

Left-pointing angle bracket.

〉 · &#9002; · &#x232A;

Right-pointing angle bracket.

⌈ · &#8968; · &#x2308;

Left ceiling.

⌉ · &#8969; · &#x2309;

Right ceiling.

⌊ · &#8970; · &#x230A;

Left floor.

⌋ · &#8971; · &#x230B;

Right floor.

‌ · &#8204; · &#x200C;

Zero width non-joiner.

‍ · &#8205; · &#x200D;

Zero width joiner, used to compose emoji sequences.

‎ · &#8206; · &#x200E;

Left-to-right mark for bidirectional text.

‏ · &#8207; · &#x200F;

Right-to-left mark.